Club提要：8月24日至25日，由中国公共外交协会指导、北京对话主办的“金砖国家与多极世界2024对话会”在北京举行。来自15个国家和南方中心等国际组织的近40位专家学者，就金砖国家构建货币体系、参与多极世界构建、增强经济韧性与合作等议题，进行了深入研讨。
北京大学中东研究中心主任吴冰冰在会上强调，推进现代化始终是全球南方追求的目标，在重点领域优先合作的基础上，金砖国家应该帮助全球南方国家在关键问题和新理念上达成更多共识，并增进彼此的相互理解，成为调解和协调的平台。
吴冰冰（图源：北京对话）
非常感谢北京对话，很高兴能够与来自不同国家的朋友们分享想法。我想谈四点。第一，当我们谈论金砖国家时，我们在谈论变化。金砖国家反映了当今世界上最大的变化，即全球南方的崛起。我认为，十年前，我们将这一新力量定义为“新兴经济体”。现在，我们找到了一个更准确的表达方式，即“全球南方”。我认为这是全球重新平衡的一个过程，反映了全球南方的需求、思想和利益。从这个意义上讲，我们试图改善世界，而不是将世界分裂成不同的阵营。我认为西方国家中出现了一个新的趋势，即他们将世界分为三部分：西方，包括北美和欧洲；而中国和俄罗斯则是西方的对立阵营；以及第三部分——作为中间地带的全球南方。我认为这是试图将全球南方分裂成不同的阵营。从这个意义上来说，我认为金砖国家是全球南方的最佳代表。通过此次扩展成员国，金砖国家应该更好地代表全球南方，吸纳更多的国家，尤其是中东国家。伊斯兰国家具有特殊的意义，因为他们反映了全球南方的文化多样性。在这个意义上，我认为我们应该拒绝冷战思维。将中国、俄罗斯、伊朗或全球南方的其他国家孤立，或对其实施单边制裁，这种做法是不可接受的。第二点，我认为发展和现代化始终是全球南方国家的基本使命和目标，也是它们之间合作的基础。在这个意义上，我认为有几个领域应该被作为优先事项。首先是新生技术。可再生能源非常重要，它是与气候变化直接相关的。但我们需要一个公正和公平的应对气候变化的过程。因此，我认为所有这些可再生能源技术应该由金砖国家共同开发，并与其他全球南方国家共享。此外，我认为人工智能也非常重要。这两个问题至关重要。第二个领域是基本商品的供应，包括传统能源和粮食。对于许多全球南方国家来说，基本能源和粮食这两样东西仍然短缺。第三个领域是工业化进程。中国在总结其发展过程时，我们认为劳动密集型制造业的发展对于创造更多就业机会至关重要。我们还需要一个低成本的工业化过程。
（图源：央视新闻）
第四个领域是基础设施、供应链和互联互通，我认为这有助于全球南方国家在贸易或投资中互相帮助。我们可以说“一带一路”是一个开放的倡议，而我们中国人始终认为金砖国家与上合组织和“一带一路”相结合，可以促进全球南方国家之间的互联互通。我想提到的第三点是，金砖国家应该帮助全球南方国家在关键问题和新理念上达成更多共识。我们记得在1954年，70年前，全球南方国家一致同意了《和平共处五项原则》。今年是《和平共处五项原则》签订70周年。我们还应该记住万隆会议，这些都和全球南方现在所进行的努力相同。我认为，当前局势，特别是加沙的局势，实际上吸引了全球南方的很多关注。金砖国家分别在这方面做了很多努力。此外，我认为金砖国家集体可以做得更多。例如，五国领导人就加沙问题举行的视频会议，以及最近在俄罗斯举行的金砖国家外长会议，其联合声明中也特别提到了加沙局势。但我认为应该有更多的类似协调，甚至作为一种创新方式，金砖国家应考虑在加沙问题上组成联合协调小组，由五国共同参与，或采取类似的行动。第四点，我认为金砖国家也应成为调解和协调的平台。从这个意义上说，金砖国家之间应在不同理念和利益上进行协调。我们应努力让具有多元文化背景的国家相互理解。尽管我们常说共享相同的价值观，但目前对金砖国家的普通民众而言，相互理解彼此仍然比理解西方国家更困难。我来自北京大学，我看到来自西方国家的学生比来自金砖国家的更多。因此，我们应该在这方面做出更多努力。尽管我们有金砖国家大学联盟，但仍需加强青年之间的交流。随着更多伊斯兰国家的加入，我们必须面对伊斯兰恐惧症这一重大问题。我认为金砖国家在这方面可以做很多工作。我们应促进古老文明之间的合作和相互了解。在这个意义上，我们需要推动诸如“通过多边主义实现多样性中的团结”这样的理念。非常感谢大家。
《纽约时报》相关文章的配图，反映了西方世界对伊斯兰世界的刻板印象，可谓是“伊斯兰恐惧症”在美国的早期表现（图源：纽约时报）
以下为吴冰冰发言原文：
Thank you very much. It’s great to be here to share ideas with the dear friends from different countries. I want to mention 4 points.Number one, when we talk about BRICS, we are talking about change. So, BRICS reflect the largest change now in the world, the rise of Global South. I think 10 years ago, we defined this new force as “new economies.” Now we find a more accurate expression, Global South. I think it’s a process of global re-balance to reflect the demand, the thinking, the benefit, and the interest of the Global South. In this sense, we are trying to bring improvement to the world instead of to split the world into different parts of different camps. I think there’s a new trend in the western countries that they divide the world into three parts. The west, including North America and Europe; and China and Russia as a counter camp; and also, there’s a third Global South as a middle zone. I think this is trying to divide the Global South into different camps. In this sense, I think BRICS is the best representative of Global South. In this sense, this Global South should be more represented by BRICS by this expansion, to include more countries, to include middle eastern countries. The Islamic countries have special meanings that include more cultural background countries, reflect the diversity of this Global South. In this sense, I think we should refuse the way of thinking as a cold war. This isolation of China, Russia, Iran, or other countries in the Global South, or this unilateral sanctions against them are something unacceptable.So, second point is that I believe development and modernization are always the basic mission and goals of the Global South countries and also the cooperation among them. In this sense, I think several sectors should be highlight as the priorities. First is the new technology sector. Renewable energy is very important, it is related to climate change. But we need a just and fair process to respond to the climate change. So, in this sense, I think all these renewable energy technologies should be jointly developed by the BRICS countries and shared with the other Global South countries. And also, I think AI is very important. These two things are crucial. And the second sector is the supply of the basic commodities, including traditional energy and food. For many Global South countries, these two things, a basic energy and food are still in shortage. And the third thing is the industrialization process. I think when China tried to summarize its process of development, we think that the development of the labor force intensive manual section sector is very crucial for creating more jobs. And also, we need a low-cost industrialization process. And then the fourth sector is the infrastructure, supply chain and connectivity.In this sense, I think this help the Global South countries to help each other either in trade or in investment. I think in this sense, we can mention the BRI as an open initiative, and also we Chinese always think that BRIC in combination with the ICO and also BRI can facilitate the connectivity among the Global South countries.The third point I want to mention is that BRICS should help the Global South countries to reach more consensus over key issues and new ideas. We remember that in 1954, 70 years ago, the Global South countries reached the five principles of peaceful coexistence. This year is the 70th anniversary of that. And also, we should also remember the Bandung conference. All these are also the same efforts as Global South now. I think in regard to the current situation, the situation in Gaza, actually attract the attentions of the Global South. BRICS countries individually have done a lot in this sense.And also, I think collectively, BRCIS can do more. Like in the virtual conference of the of the five leaders on the Gaza issue. And recently this meeting of foreign ministers of BRICS in Russia, the joint declaration also has special parts in regard of Gaza situation, but I think there should be more coordination, or even, I think as an innovation, the BRICS countries should think about join the coordinator of Gaza issue among these five countries or something similar like that.The fourth point is that I think BRICS should also be a platform for mediation and coordination. I think in this sense, there should be a coordination of different ideas and different interests among the BRCIS countries. We are thinking about to bring different countries with diversified cultural background to understand each other. Although we always talk about that we have shared the same values, currently it is still easier for the normal people among the BRICS countries to understand western countries than to understand BRICS countries each other.Since I’m with the Peking university, actually I really do see more students from west countries than from BRICS countries. So this is something we should do more, although we have the a BRICS university league, still we should do more to bring the youth together.So I think by bringing more Islamic countries we have to face one very big issue, that is the Islam phobia. I think BRICS and can do a lot in this sense. We should facilitate the ancient civilizations to cooperate with each other to know each other. In this sense, I think we have to promote some idea like unity among diversity through multilateralism. Thank you very much.
对话会间隙，各国专家自由交流（图源：北京对话）